Chipangizocho chimasonkhanitsa mfundo zokhudza kutentha kuchokera kumene kumachokera n’kuzisandutsa m’njira yoti anthu ena azitha kuzimvetsa.Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha sensa ya kutentha ndi galasi la mercury thermometer, lomwe limakula ndikugwirizanitsa pamene kutentha kumasintha.Kutentha kwa kunja ndiko gwero la kuyeza kutentha, ndipo wowonera amayang'ana malo a mercury kuti ayeze kutentha.Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya masensa a kutentha:
· Sensor yolumikizana
Sensa yamtunduwu imafuna kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi chinthu chomva kapena sing'anga.Amatha kuyang'anira kutentha kwa zolimba, zamadzimadzi ndi mpweya pa kutentha kwakukulu.
· Sensa yosalumikizana
Sensa yamtunduwu sifunikira kukhudzana kulikonse ndi chinthu kapena sing'anga yomwe ikuzindikiridwa.Amayang'anira zinthu zolimba komanso zamadzimadzi zomwe sizimawunikira, koma ndizopanda ntchito polimbana ndi mpweya chifukwa chakuwonekera kwawo kwachilengedwe.Masensa awa amayezera kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Planck.Lamuloli limakhudza kutentha kochokera ku gwero la kutentha kuti kuyeza kutentha.
Mfundo zogwirira ntchito ndi zitsanzo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamasensa kutentha:
(i) Thermocouples - Amakhala ndi mawaya awiri (chilichonse cha aloyi yunifolomu yosiyana kapena chitsulo) kupanga mgwirizano woyezera ndi kugwirizana pa mapeto amodzi omwe ali otseguka ku chinthu chomwe chikuyesedwa.Mapeto ena a waya amalumikizidwa ndi chipangizo choyezera, pomwe cholumikizira chimapangidwa.Popeza kutentha kwa ma node awiriwa ndi kosiyana, zamakono zimayenda mozungulira ndipo ma millivolts omwe amachokera amayezedwa kuti adziwe kutentha kwa node.
(ii) Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS) - Izi ndi zotsutsana ndi kutentha zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zisinthe kutentha pamene kutentha kumasintha, ndipo ndi okwera mtengo kuposa zipangizo zina zowunikira kutentha.
(iii)Thermitors- ndi mtundu wina wotsutsa kumene kusintha kwakukulu kwa kukana kumakhala kofanana kapena kosiyana ndi kusintha kwakung'ono kwa kutentha.
(2) Sensa ya infrared
Chipangizochi chimatulutsa kapena chimazindikira kuwala kwa infrared kuti chizindikire magawo enaake achilengedwe.Nthawi zambiri, ma radiation amatenthedwa ndi zinthu zonse zamtundu wa infuraredi, ndipo masensa a infuraredi amazindikira ma radiation omwe sawoneka ndi maso.
· Ubwino
Zosavuta kulumikiza, zopezeka pamsika.
· Zoyipa
Kusokonezedwa ndi phokoso lozungulira, monga ma radiation, kuwala kozungulira, etc.
Momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
Lingaliro loyambirira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma diode otulutsa kuwala kwa infrared kutulutsa kuwala kwa infrared kuzinthu.Diode ina ya infrared yamtundu womwewo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira mafunde omwe amawonetsedwa ndi zinthu.
Pamene cholandira cha infuraredi chikuwunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa infuraredi, pali kusiyana kwamagetsi pawaya.Popeza kuti magetsi opangidwa ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso ovuta kuwazindikira, amplifier (op amp) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire molondola ma voltages otsika.
(3) Ultraviolet sensor
Masensa awa amayezera kulimba kapena mphamvu ya kuwala kwa ultraviolet.Ma radiation a electromagnetic awa ali ndi utali wautali kuposa ma X-ray, komabe ndiafupi kuposa kuwala kowoneka.Chida chogwira ntchito chotchedwa polycrystalline diamondi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zodalirika za ultraviolet, zomwe zimatha kuzindikira chilengedwe ku radiation ya ultraviolet.
Zofunikira pakusankha masensa a UV
+ Wavelength osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kuzindikirika ndi sensa ya UV (nanometer)
· Kutentha kwa ntchito
· Kulondola
· Kulemera
· Mphamvu zosiyanasiyana
Momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
Masensa a UV amalandira mtundu umodzi wa chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndikutumiza chizindikiro chamtundu wina.
Pofuna kuyang'ana ndi kulemba zizindikiro zotulutsa izi, zimatumizidwa ku mita yamagetsi.Kuti apange zithunzi ndi malipoti, chizindikirocho chimatumizidwa ku chosinthira cha analog-to-digital (ADC) kenako kumakompyuta kudzera pa pulogalamu.
Mapulogalamu:
Yesani mbali ya UV yomwe imawotcha khungu
· Pharmacy
· Magalimoto
· Maloboti
· Kusungunula mankhwala ndi njira yopaka utoto pamakampani osindikiza ndi utoto
Makampani opanga mankhwala opangira, kusunga ndi kunyamula mankhwala
(4) Sensa ya kukhudza
Sensa yogwira imagwira ntchito ngati resistor variable malingana ndi malo okhudza.Chithunzi cha sensa yogwira ikugwira ntchito ngati resistor variable.
Sensor touch ili ndi zigawo izi:
· Zinthu zoyendetsera bwino, monga mkuwa
· Zida zotchingira mlengalenga, monga thovu kapena pulasitiki
· Mbali ya zinthu conductive
Mfundo ndi ntchito:
Zida zina zopangira ma conductive zimatsutsana ndi kuyenda kwapano.Mfundo yayikulu ya masensa amtundu wa mzere ndikuti kutalika kwa zinthu zomwe zimayenera kudutsamo, ndipamenenso kutuluka kwapano kumasinthidwa.Chotsatira chake, kukana kwa zinthu kumasintha mwa kusintha malo ake okhudzana ndi zinthu zoyendetsera bwino.
Nthawi zambiri, pulogalamuyi imalumikizidwa ndi sensor yogwira.Pankhaniyi, kukumbukira kumaperekedwa ndi mapulogalamu.Masensa akazimitsidwa, amatha kukumbukira "malo omwe adalumikizana komaliza."Sensa ikangotsegulidwa, amatha kukumbukira "malo oyamba olumikizirana" ndikumvetsetsa zonse zomwe zikugwirizana nazo.Chochitachi chikufanana ndi kusuntha mbewa ndikuyiyika kumbali ina ya mbewa kuti musunthire cholozera kumapeto kwa chinsalu.
Ikani
Zomverera zogwira ndizotsika mtengo komanso zolimba, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
Bizinesi - chisamaliro chaumoyo, malonda, kulimbitsa thupi ndi masewera
· Zipangizo - uvuni, makina ochapira, chowumitsira mbale, firiji
Transportation - Kuwongolera kosavuta pakati pa opanga ma cockpit ndi opanga magalimoto
· Sensa yamadzimadzi
Industrial automation - malo ndi zowonera mulingo, kuwongolera pamanja pakugwiritsa ntchito makina
Zamagetsi ogula - kupereka milingo yatsopano yakumverera ndi kuwongolera muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za ogula
Ma sensor apafupi amazindikira kukhalapo kwa zinthu zomwe zilibe malo olumikizirana.Chifukwa palibe kukhudzana pakati pa sensa ndi chinthu chomwe chikuyesedwa, ndipo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ziwalo zamakina, masensawa amakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki komanso kudalirika kwakukulu.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma sensor amfupi ndi masensa oyandikira, ma capacitive proximity sensors, ultrasonic proximity sensors, photoelectric sensors, Hall effect sensors ndi zina zotero.
Momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
Sensor yoyandikira imatulutsa gawo lamagetsi kapena ma electrostatic kapena mtengo wa radiation yamagetsi (monga infrared) ndikudikirira chizindikiro chobwerera kapena kusintha m'munda, ndipo chinthu chomwe chikuwoneka chimatchedwa chandamale cha sensor yoyandikira.
Ma inductive proximity sensors - ali ndi oscillator monga cholowera chomwe chimasintha kukana kutayika poyandikira sing'anga yoyendetsera.Masensa awa ndi omwe amakonda zitsulo.
Capacitive proximity sensors - amatembenuza kusintha kwa electrostatic capacitance kumbali zonse za electrode yodziwira ndi electrode yokhazikika.Izi zimachitika poyandikira zinthu zapafupi ndikusintha kwafupipafupi kwa oscillation.Kuti muzindikire zomwe zili pafupi, ma frequency oscillation amasinthidwa kukhala magetsi a DC ndikufaniziridwa ndi gawo lodziwikiratu.Masensa awa ndi chisankho choyamba pazolinga zapulasitiki.
Ikani
· Imagwiritsidwa ntchito muuinjiniya wama automation kutanthauzira momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito, makina opangira ndi zida zamagetsi
· Ntchito pa zenera yambitsa tcheru pamene zenera lotseguka
· Amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira kugwedezeka kwamakina kuti awerengere kusiyana kwa mtunda pakati pa shaft ndi mayendedwe othandizira
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-03-2023